涉及激发态授时外422-5 mW transparency beam at 488 nm alkali species 87Sr的是Gravimetric survey measurements using differential atom interferometry require analysis techniques such as ellipse fitting45 and maximum-likelihood estimation to extract the differential phase in the presence of laser phase noise. The successful integration of clock transition techniques with atom interferometry marks an important milestone towards their joint implementation in quantum sensors with applications in fundamental physics, including ultralight dark matter and gravitational wave detection1,2,9, tests of equivalence principles48,49, and measurements of the fine structure constant50. The construction of long-baseline detectors will also stimulate advanced quantum sensing for navigation, geodesy, and resource exploration26.
Numerous technical challenges remain before a long-baseline detector can be realized, including development of more intense cold atom sources, extension to longer baselines while controlling associated systematic shifts2,37, large momentum transfer from laser to atoms51, and use of squeezed atomic states47. These are subjects of R&D programs within the international Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry Proto-Collaboration20. The experimental techniques demonstrated here open new avenues for scientific exploration ranging from probing fundamental laws governing the Universe to enhancing quantum sensors.
In conclusion, researchers have experimentally validated the noise-immune measurement principle underlying very-long-baseline atom interferometers using a prototype differential atom interferometer based on the single-photon clock transition of fermionic 87Sr. The gradiometer configuration achieves quantum-limited sensitivity at the standard quantum limit with no excess noise, maintaining this performance even with several radians of artificially injected laser phase noise per shot. The differential configuration enables recovery of coherent oscillatory signals across a broad frequency range under fully phase-randomized conditions inaccessible to a single interferometer. These results mark an important step towards next-generation quantum sensors for gravitational-wave detection and searches for ultralight dark matter.