为了解答这个问题,一支研究团队开展了一项精巧的实验。他们比较了两组在不同光周期下适应、但处于相同低温环境(约9°C)中的仓鼠:一组经历自然短日照的“冬季”仓鼠,另一组保持恒定长日照的“夏季”仓鼠。通过监测它们在有无食物条件下的蛰伏表现,研究人员旨在揭示光周期(作为季节信号)如何影响蛰伏的表达及其生理特征。这项研究的结果挑战了既往认知,并为理解动物能量预算的季节性调控提供了新见解。相关论文发表在《Journal of Comparative Physiology B》上。
两组仓鼠外观和体重差异显著。冬季仓鼠毛色基本变白,平均体重为27.3 ± 2.7克。夏季仓鼠保持棕色,平均体重显著更高,为38.8 ± 7.0克。在自发蛰伏(食物充足条件下)方面,冬季仓鼠表现出高频次的蛰伏,10只个体中有9只(除最重的一只雄性外)在观测期内平均51.5%的天数进入了蛰伏。相反,所有夏季仓鼠均未观察到任何自发蛰伏行为。b) of two hamsters measured from 1 February (11 days post-surgery) to 10 March. A (Top) shows a white winter hamster that displayed spontaneous torpor (food ad libitum) frequently, as well as induced torpor (X, food withheld). B (Bottom) shows a brown summer hamster that never displayed spontaneous torpor but did enter induced torpor (X, food withheld)">
诱导蛰伏的发生与特征
当通过食物剥夺诱导蛰伏时,情况发生了变化。10只冬季仓鼠中有9只进入了诱导蛰伏,而8只夏季仓鼠中也有2只(均为群体中最轻的雌性)进入了诱导蛰伏。进入蛰伏的过程特征相似,均表现为代谢率快速下降,体温随之或略有延迟地降低。b) and metabolic rate (MR) measured as rate of oxygen consumption in P. sungorus as a function of time during overnight measurements. (A top) White winter hamster, (B bottom) brown summer hamster. No food or water were provided to induce torpor. The black bar on the x-axis indicates night">